The system is able to spot when the surface of food is covered with microorganisms such as salmonella and E. coli.
It does this by analysing the light scattered when it fires a laser at food contained in the fridge.
A camera takes 30 pictures a second of the area under the laser's glare.
If any movement is detected in the "laser speckle" it means there are writhing bacteria on the food.
The system was developed by Dr Jonghee Yoon's team at the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea.
Their paper said: "By simply measuring dynamic speckle intensity patterns reflected from samples and analysing the temporal correlation time, the presence of living microorganisms can be non-invasively detected with high sensitivity."
The system was tested using chicken breasts from supermarkets which were then contaminated with E. coli and Bacillus in the lab.
It managed to spot which pieces of chicken were contaminated, and to what degree.
However it could not distinguish between different types of bacteria.
Viruses like norovirus, which do not change the laser speckle's shape, cannot be detected.
The team of researchers hope that the laser system could one day be feasible for both commercial and domestic fridges.
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